The Law and the Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Law and the Constitution - Essay ExampleV. foxy who made a sturdy restatement of this very old doctrine at the end of twenty-century. According to A. V. Dicey the principle of supremacy and sovereignty is the basis of the British Constitution. Parliament itself is not confident to confine its own future proceedings, courts canisternot inquire or decline to give effect to its ratifications, and all early(a) justice-making institutions in the United Kingdom are lowly to it. triumph of Parliament is so magnificent and supreme, that it cannot be restricted, either for reasons or persons, under any circumstances. (Jennings, 1959) In other words, Parliaments supremacy can be estimated from the fact that it can do each fascination that is not naturally unattainable.The initial portion of Diceys Law of the Constitution was dedicated to defying the unorthodox impression that there might be supposed boundaries to sovereignty and supreme. Dicey highly declared that the Parliament had authority and power to make or unmake any law whatever. For historical authority, Dicey naturally sought recourse to the Act of Settlement and to the pervasive constitutional traditions that dangle about the great and glorious revolution of 1688. Sovereignty had to be free, and it was for this penury that Dicey appeared so sideways at the very suggestion of international law, or undeniably those legal orders that sought to somehow share authority and power.Supremacy of Parliament can be divided into three significant essentials firstly Parliament can formulate or unmake any law secondly Parliament cannot force its heirs and lastly Courts cannot inquire an act of Parliament. In the light of the European Communities Act 1972 Parliament can still only do this if the code is not an EU parameter or instruction and is only conjugal legislation. Parliament cannot for instance rescind an Act that a EU dictate had integrated the administration to make as they did in the case of Commissio n of the EC v United Kingdom (1979). Further the reality that Parliament cannot bind its successors is considerable. This primarily predestined that a current, say Conservative government could not execute legislation that would come into power when a Labour government came into power. Now this refers to the EU in that the British government cannot outdo any legislation that would in future conflict with any recommended legislation of European Union. Most notably agree to the doctrine of Supremacy of Parliament, the courts of United Kingdom are not capable to inquire an act of Parliament. It is the reason that any proceed of Parliament is the ultimate law of the land, obligatory all through the territory, and alterable only by another act of Parliament. Parliament is defined as a congregation poised of the Commons, the Lords chronological and devout, and the Crown. Only these three institutions acting collectively include the sovereign Parliament, and were able to make law supreme throughout the realm. The Crown, Lords, and Commons unprejudiced each other their contending interests fashioned political strains within Parliament to efficiently contain its implementation of unbounded supremacy. The Crown in Parliament obsessed total and unrestricted legislative supremacy, having the right to make or

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme Essay

Discuss inequality in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme (SAWP) in relation to engagement and citizenship - Essay ExampleThe employment for immigrant seasonal unpolished workers is fast rising as the industry expands. However, there had been many complaints of abuses and practices of inequality in the treatment of the seasonal-hired workers all the same if the manual tasks in the farm for the farm growers were rejected by Canadians and residents themselves. This paper will discuss how SAWP and non-citizenship of workers lead to practices of inequality and abuse. Discussion The SAWP has good intensions to fill in the need for more(prenominal) workers for economic growth, and provide employment for foreigners who need them. They were chosen for gender (mostly males), have commitment at home or dependents to make them trust to return (temporary) and from needy countries without lands to till and poor (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 297). However, many of these seasonal worker s report negative experiences of inequality from their employers and local co-workers. The documentary film El Contrato of Min Sook lee(prenominal) showed the stark condition of Mexican contract workers in Canada under the SAWP. The film through the accounts of several workers narrates allegations of exploitation to the point of slavery for these short-termed workers. Accusations ran from seven-days a week of move work, taxed salaries which were said to be provided to them in full at $7/hour of work time, cramped living quarters, farm factory kitchens without chairs for dining, forced work more than the specified hours in their contract (Preibisch and Ecalada Grez, 298) and even reduced salaries. The film also showed how the workers sought to have dialogue with their employers and consulate, and sought help whichever way they can. However, despite the promises, the black practices of the workers supervisors of yelling, physical attack, reduced compensations, health hazards and ac cidents, lack of medical assistance, among others, were sustained. Preibisch and Ecalada Grez (297) spoke of other abuses on workers that include segregation of workers, and preference for majority of males for manual and work requiring carrying of loads, eon females for fruit handling and packaging. These practices were seen to be reinforced by their status as non-migrants and non-citizens who have no legal option to become migrants and citizens. The SAWP was an answer to the refusal of residents and Canadians to tackle agricultural work for reasons of low wages, unsafe and unacceptable working conditions, its seasonal character, and poorly regulated labor environment (Sharma, 248). The farm jobs given the SAWP workers have been described as 3D- dirty, dangerous and difficult (Villegas, 9 Lecture notes). Another unacceptable practice is the lack of safety among workers such as the absence of information of the dangers posed by pesticide exposures, farm machineries and equipment. S easonal workers are not aware that these are threats to their health. Where there was harm done, medical attention was also delayed if provided at all. Since, these workers live in the farm, their employers provide housing. However, most of these housing units were substandard (Lee, film Sharma, 249). These has been seen to be promoted in part by Bill C-11 introduced in March 2001 of which there is increased trade protection in Canadian borders, provision of flexible employment terms for

Women's Rights in voting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wo mens Rights in voting - Essay ExampleWomen have enough intellect to get back the kind of leader they want, one that will uprise for this country. Denying women the right to vote is discriminatory. It is stealing away their voice, hushing them to the realities they face. However, I believe that one day women will note their victory in this.I believe that soon, liberation is coming for the womenfolk of this country. Men have chained women, and dominated over them today. Women attempting to vote are arrested, while men vote freely. I refuse to believe that men alone are capable of choosing good leaders. I stand up to challenge fellow women to stand up for their rights, and not languish under this psychological oppression. It is time for women to rise above male dominance today, and be advocates of their own rights.I believe in the future. Although voting is a crime for women today, I challenge all women not to despair, one day we will be smiling our way to the ballot box. star da y, our daughters will choose the leaders of their choice. One day, women will rise above male chauvinism, taking up great leadership positions in this important country. No matter what, I believe, and see a day when this nation state will put the needs of women first. This is the day, manipulation of women and gender inequality will be history. This day, women will be heroes for the many challenges and oppressions of the past, which they have withstood. A little more patience and advocacy will bring us this

Aristarchus and Ptolemy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristarchus and Ptolemy - Essay ExamplePtolemy happened to be a citizen of Egypt, between 90AD and 168AD, during the roman type times and was of Greek Origins (University of Oregon, 2012). Ptolemy was known to be a versatile personality, who happened to be a mathematician, astrologer, geographer and astronomer.Aristarchus was the scratch line astronomer to propound the theory of heliocentricity, which regarded the sun to be a stationary star around which the earth revolved (V Archive, 2012). It was Aristarchus who calculated the diameter of the sun and estimated the volume of the sun on the basis of its diameter (V Archive, 2012). Many astronomers and physicists do believe that it was Aristarchus estimation of the superior volume of the sun as compared to the earth that led Aristarchus to conclude that the Sun constituted the center around which the earth revolved (V Archive, 2012). Though Aristarchus original treatise in which he noted down his discovery did not survive, references to his heliocentric theory do occur in the works of Archimedes (V Archive, 2012). It was Aristarchus who first proposed that the sun remained fixed and unmoved and the earth revolved around it in a circular orbit.In the history of astronomy, Ptolemy is attributed the honor of developing a comprehensive arithmetical model for accurately calculating celestial motions and astronomical phenomena (University of Oregon, 2012). Ptolemy also propounded his geocentric theory, which the astronomers popularly refer to as Ptolemaic system. Ptolemy extended varied arguments to settle the fact that the earth constituted the center of the universe, and other heavenly bodies revolved around it (University of Oregon, 2012). It was primarily owing to the Ptolemaic system that the geocentric theory gained impregnable grounds in the Christendom for a long time, until it was eventually replaced by the heliocentric theory propounded by Copernicus (University of Oregon, 2012)). Ptolemy is also credite d

Lower Legal Drinking Age Essay Example for Free

Lower Legal Drinking Age EssayThe unite States has a long history with alcoholic drink consumption. For bankrupt and sometimes worse, alcohol has been a popular aid in many amicable gatherings and events involving Americans. Currently however, only those above the suppurate of 21 years argon allowed to enjoy the privilege of potable alcoholic bever grows. This occurred in 1984 with the passing of the National Minimum Drinking Age dress within the Federal Highway Act bill (US Congress, 1984). The bill said that a 10 percent decrease of highway funding would take place in states that failed to raise the inebriety senesce to 21 (US Congress, 1984).All states complied with the bill very shortly after its passing because the crucial need for highway funding. Nevertheless, this pass board has been controversial since its inception in 1984. Data compiled in favor of increasing the drinking age is just a controversial and strongly contested. Therefore, the drinking age should be bring down hind end to 18 years old, because too much liability is placed on bars, liquor stores, and social hosts, little evidence points to adverse health affects due to inhibit minor alcohol consumption, and finally all rights and privileges of adulthood are given at age 18 in the United States except for alcohol consumption.First, the liability placed on bars, liquor stores, and social hosts has become a great burden in the alcohol industry. Vendors selling alcohol are required to correctly identify the age of the perverter. However, this can be very complicated in the technological age that exists today. Fake designation has become a huge bare market business as well as using the identification of those with a similar appearance. Minors are using dodge identification to buy booze more than ever. Vendors should non be held accountable if these various forms of fake identification truly dupe them. A law review done on fake identification, as well argues that placing all the liability on alcohol vendors is a lot to ask (Murray). Computers and the Internet have grown to an exponential use of fake IDs (Murray). Bar owners and liquor stores are turning away huge portions of their business just to comply with the law (Murray). It is not fair for the government to hold these vendors accountable and hurt their business.By grueling the drinking age back to 18, the biggest group of nonaged drinkers would be targeted. 18 to 20 year olds are the largest population of underage drinkers because they are college-aged students. They are the most likely to attempt to use fake identification. By lowering the drinking age to make these ages legal, the use of fake identification will decrease dramatically. Furthermore, it is not fair to hold vendors liable for the actions of intoxicated minors if fake identification is used to purchase the alcohol. Two cases examine this issue. First, in the case of Berg Vs. Zummo, the plantiff sued the minor defendant for dama ges caused during his intoxication (Berg Vs. Zummo). The case went all the way to the Supreme Court of Louisiana. The decision reached held that the bar was first and maiden responsible for serving the minor alcohol (Berg Vs. Zummo). It also declared some liability on the minor for his reckless actions. However, by lowering the drinking age to 18 years of age, the liability would be solely held by the intoxicated person in this case and not the establishment furnishing the alcohol.Thus lowering the drinking age further protects vendors in this regard. In another case, employees at a military base were held liable for serving alcohol to underage servicemen (US v. Dotson). The case of the United States of America v. Dotson Et. Al. upheld that vendors of alcohol are liable for serving to minors (US v. Dotson). Again, if the drinking age were lowered to 18, the liability in this case would have been avoided. All servicemen are age 18 and older. This brings up another important point. T hose able to serve in our military and potentially die for their country should be able to bury alcohol. The rights and privileges of adulthood are given to all those aged 18 including servicemen and women. It is unfair to prevent them from drinking alcohol when they put their lives on the line for this country.Although many heap find alcohol as a valuable remedy after a long day of work, alcohol can potentially lead to dependency problems as well as other adverse health effects. A major point to note in the matter at hand is that not all individuals binge drink, or drink excessively during frequent times. The consumption of at least five drinks or more in only a two hour sitting is excessive, yet unrealistic to think that those who do drink alcoholic beverages, consume them so frequently. Drinking alcohol with companions is a social activity that can potentially be healthy for those involved. Although there is a lot of negativity on the subject of underage drinking, there are al so many benefits from consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol, even at the age of eighteen. Health benefits that can potentially be attained by indulging in casual drinking include decrease risk of developing heart disease, lowered risk for stroke, reduced risk of heart attack, lowered risk of gallstones, and reduced risk for diabetes (Mayo).It is evident that many years of excessive alcohol abuse can cause serious neurological damage as well as other harmful health affects, yet there is still a lack of evidence that fully verifies how alcohol kills brain cells. Conversely, there has been scientific query and studies to demonstrate how it is somewhat beneficial to ones own health. Scientific medical research has actually confirmed that the moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with damp cognitive skills and memory than is abstaining from alcohol (Hanson).Moderate can also help the brain function better into old age. While alcohol impairs one portion of the brain, another part of the brain that is involved in learning is actually aided by alcohol according to new research (Morikawa). Neurobiologist Hitoshi Morikawa of the Waggoner focalize for alcohol and Addiction Research at The University of Texas in Austin says that consuming alcohol primes specific areas of the brain to improve learning and enhance memory. People commonly think of dopamine as a happy transmitter, or a pleasure transmitter, but more accurately its a learning transmitter, Morikawa says. It strengthens those synapses that are spry when dopamine is released (Morikawa).The key to maintaining a healthy lifestyle while also macrocosm able to socialize with the consumption of alcoholic beverages is moderation. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that if you direct to drink alcohol you do so only in moderation up to one drink a day for women or two drinks a day for men (Mayo). With that in melodic theme, the overall flesh of people that are actually consu ming alcohol is in decline. Here at the University of Evansville, over 91% of surveyed students believe that the average student uses alcohol once a week or more, but only 21% of the surveyed students reported using alcohol that frequently. Teenagers across the United States are drinking less and less as well. In the thirty-six year history of the federal governments annual supervise the Future Survey, consuming alcohol by middle and high school students has reached its lowest level (Hanson).For many young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one, drinking is a staple of their weekend activities and life in general. These constant users and potential abusers of alcohol find access to alcohol in a variety of shipway despite the United States legal drinking age being twenty-one. Much of society views underage drinking with a meager out of sight, out of mind approach. Unfortunately, the reality is that binge drinking does take place and is more prevalent on college campuses and with young people as a whole. A growing number of college officials are disputing the effectiveness of up-to-date drinking laws, arguing they have failed. These college officials feel instead of preventing students from drinking, the current drinking laws are facilitating underground underage drinking in an unsafe environment with dangerous extremes as the consequences.One college official trying to bring forth a change and lower the national drinking age is John M. McCardell, president emeritus of Middlebury College in Vermont. His proposal is for the United States to decrease the drinking age to eighteen but implement drinking licenses after uttermost of a rigorous alcohol education program. However, Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) still opposes the lowering of the drinking age because they feel it would increase the number of young drinkers getting behind the wheels of their vehicles in turn, increasing the number of harsh crashes and also fatalities. McCardell argue s that the drinking age has very little to do with the amount of people who drink and press and says if it were the case, a smarter option would be to increase the driving age to twenty-one (Giaimo).McCardell founded Choose Responsibility in 1997. It is a nonprofit organization devoted to lowering the national drinking age and researching the effects the current law places on minors. McCardell feels his proposal will minimize the amount of abusive drinking that has become so prevalent in the past twenty years by acknowledging that eighteen year olds are adults in the eyes of the law in almost all(prenominal) other respect. McCardell has seen a reported increase in binge drinking by his students due to alcohol use being pushed into hiding.Two recent studies conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have shown young binge drinkers are increasing their consumption of hard liquor as their main source of alcohol since hard liquor is much easier to smuggle and remains much more inconspicuous in comparison to beer. Not to mention hard liquor being much easier to get intoxicated from compared to beer or wine. McCardell is logical nice to recognize the reality of alcohol in the lives of many people under the age of twenty-one. He feels lowering the drinking age would encourage more responsible drinking among this age group (Giaimo).Another instance where the drinking age being lowered is in consideration is the state of Alaska. Currently, Alaska state Republican Representative Bob Lynn is proposing a bill that would allow people in the military under the age of twenty-one to legally drink in the state. While Lynn does not support drinking as a habit, he does feel that if someone is old enough to die for our country then they should be treated as adults in every aspect. However, a federal government mandate passed in 1984 requires all states to stupefy to the national drinking age of twenty-one or forfeit ten percent of their highway funding from t he federal government. For Alaska, this would mean losing $50 million of their current $495.3 million in 2010. Obviously, this proposal is going to be much debated with the risk of losing that much federal funding as an option.Work CitedAlcohol Use If You Drink, confine It Moderate. Mayo Clinic (2011) Web. 19 skirt 2011. Berg v. Zummo, 763 So. 2d 57, 2000 (La. App. 4 Circ 2001).Chakraburtty, Amal. Teens and Alcohol. WebMD (2010) Web. 18 Feb 2011. Clark, Stephen. Alaska to Consider Lowering Drinking Age for U.S. Fox News (2011) Web. 31 March 2011. Giaimo, Mellisa. Alcohol Laws Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered? . ABC News (2007) Web. 18 Feb 2011. Hanson, David J. Does Alcohol Kill Brain Cells? Alcohol Problems and Solutions Web. 19 March 2011. Morikawa, Hitoshi. Alcohol Aids Learning Part of the Brain.United Press International (2011) Web. 13 April 2011. Murray, Christopher J. Fake IDs Can Bar Owners Sue If They Get Fooled? Marquette Law Review (2005) Web. 18 Feb 2011. United Stat es of America v. Dotson, 615 F. 3d 1162 (U.S. App 2010) United States of America. National Minimum Drinking Age. Washington DC, 1984. Web. 18 Feb 2011.

'Short Story - Mental Health Day'

'I could liveliness the coffee, strain the grinders holla as the cr use uped a jutsque powderise of energy, and was entertained by the students as they bombilationed ab go forth, mix amongst their cohorts. My creative thinker aflame with inadequate flickers of the ocean. The modal value the savoury ship tasted and the seagulls cried to their tribe. there was an selectlelike longing for this priming coaty devoiddom. My brain was grabby at the calm d suffer picture forming in my mind.\nAs I looked up from a conf new-fashioned pigeonholing of gayly yak students I axiom her, my approximate peer. She make up ones mindmed to stigmatize me at the demand homogeneous turn in magazine. A bounteous smiling crept amongst both(prenominal)(prenominal) of our fatigued faces. We r for each o neediness each early(a) and in endorsements a plan was develop I need a cordial wellness mean solar day I announced Where atomic number 18 we qualifying? Whatre we doing? cavil it...Im everyplace it my trembler laughed as we keep straight forward, out the fully gr avow recur doors, as if performance was propelling us in to our own liquid world. .\nSo...where argon we expiry? She asks The Coast. I need to be free with the birds, sand, and eat at Mos She cerebration for a moment as her linguistic rule smile of bafflement impart crosswise her face. You could see that she was deliberateness her options. Does she go? Does she relieve? by and by a hardly a(prenominal) moments in the midst of my friend and I the reply was settled as her rail gondola came in to view.\nThe circularise was squat with the pertain of a late autumn. The leaves worked up in tandem bicycle with a gentle whisper of a breeze. An active buzz culminated among the earth and us cardinal girls. We were committed with the moment, grip on a soul calculate for tranquility.\nOur doors chuck out in contemporise as she swiftly turned the car oer and hu rriedly threw her erstwhile(a) beater into reverse. Our affable health day was in play and not a iodin horizon of the emotionally weaken hebdomad we had both endured was anywhere in our minds Locked in time that of our own we drove.\nAs we ventured to the brink I implant myself existence one-half gnarled in our conversations and half delighted with the semblance variat... '

'Life, Death and Abortion'

'In 1998 Dr. Charles T. Kennys miscarri historic period: A misadventure to Communicate, was publish by Vitae cornerst sensation in Missouri. Dr. Charles concludes that spontaneous stillbirth is defamatory in numerous ways, including mental problems much(prenominal) as: culpableness, depression, immode calculate corporal exertion of medicaments. other of the problems that you faculty score is the deterioration to your fruitful governance and enfeebling of the immune system. few of the period we croak roughly contends and how more(prenominal) people contri onlye died in the away centuries; since the spontaneous stillbirth was decriminalize in the agitate together States of the States in 1973, we be in possession of killed more than thirty millions of kids or fetus. This fetchings is 20 generation the descend of Americans soldiers killed in all the wars combined. We specify that war is the bit hotshot killer and eccentric of deaths world wide, but what more deaths be confine brought is the abortion. spontaneous abortion should be under-the-counter because essay to the liveliness of a military man being.\n 2 of the Charless strongest reenforcement claims argon the mental and the physiologic pertain in the muliebrity that serious the abortion. He argues that the psychological tests of the women afterwardwardsward of the abortion showed that fifty pct of the women that were roll this medical cognitive process nonplus some psychological aftermath. The close to super C effect showed was the culpability suffered after the intervention, acknowledging that they are taking the aliveness of their short(p) baby. Followed by the depression of perspicacious that they ordain not have the come across to go can and affliction of what they did. gibe to unmatchable playing area make in the aesculapian University of Finland bring that the count of self-destruction among women, act one division af ter an abortion (37.4 per 100,000) was most sise generation the felo-de-se rate among those who had pattern childbearing (5.9 per 100,000) and importantly higher(prenominal) than the rate of suicides in the world-wide nation of women with impound age for gestation period (11.3 per 100,000. The physical problems of abortion are unfeignedly important. in that location ... If you neediness to get a just essay, target it on our website:

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